Molecular Imaging

Molecular imaging (also called nuclear medicine or nuclear imaging) can image the function of cells inside the body at the molecular level. This includes the imaging modalities of positron emission computed tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. How does PET and SPECT imaging work? Small amounts of radioactive material (radiopharmaceuticals) injected into a patient. These can use sugars or chemical traits to bond to specific cells. The radioactive material is taken up by cells that consume the sugars. The radiation emitted from inside the body is detected by photon detectors outside the body. Computers take the data to assemble images of the radiation emissions. Nuclear images may appear fuzzy or ghostly rather than the sharper resolution from MRI and CT.  But, it provides metabolic information at a cellular level, showing if there are defects in the function of the heart, areas of very high metabolic activity associated with cancer cells, or areas of inflammation, data not available from other modalities. These noninvasive imaging exams are used to diagnose cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, bone disorders and other disorders. 

Regadenoson stress PET/CT MPI trumps SPECT for CAD detection

Regadenoson stress Rb-82 PET/CT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is highly sensitive, 92 percent, for the detection of obstructive CAD and beats SPECT MPI, according to a study published online Aug. 12 in the Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

Atomic imaging reveals how flame retardants compete with estrogens in the body

Flame retardants mimic estradiols in the body, potentially causing havoc on natural endocrine homeostasis, according to new 3D x-ray crystallography research published online Aug. 19 in Environmental Health Perspectives.

Novel oncologic PET tracer captures cell death

A new facet of cancer imaging targets apoptosis, the process of cell death, to help select and monitor anticancer therapies, according to a study published Aug. 15 in the Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

Quantitative PET required to avoid pitfalls of amyloid imaging over time

Variability in longitudinal standard uptake value ratios when imaging Alzheimer’s patients with C-11 PiB and other amyloid agents create inaccurate portraits of disease progression, warranting a fully quantitative PET protocol for long-term research, according to a study published online Aug 12 in the Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

FDG PET hot spots predict better prognosis in spinal surgery patients

Doctors can now tell how effective a surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy will be based on how much FDG is taken up by the cervical spinal cord, according to research published online August 5 in the Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

FDG PET keeps tabs on lung oxygenation by quantifying pulmonary blood flow

In cases of acute lung injury, pulmonary blood flow (PBF) provides potentially critical information about lung aeration. An FDG PET method of compartmental modeling may quantify PBF by estimating regional fraction of blood, a breath of fresh air for pulmonary imaging, according to a study published August 1 in the Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

FLT and FMISO may lack FDG's interreader agreement for lung cancer

In an effort to hike up radiochemotherapy dose and improve lung cancer survival, oncologists have been looking for higher-precision alternatives to F-18 FDG PET, which experiences issues with tumor shrinkage and alterations in uptake during treatment. However, emerging F-18 labeled alternatives fluorothymidine (FLT) and fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) show relatively low interobserver agreement when characterizing tumor volumes and require special standardization, according to a French multi-center study published August 5 in the Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

Five major mental illnesses are genetically linked

Mental disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression have some common genetic variants that account for significant risk of crossover disease, according to research published August 11 in Nature Genetics.