Molecular Imaging

Molecular imaging (also called nuclear medicine or nuclear imaging) can image the function of cells inside the body at the molecular level. This includes the imaging modalities of positron emission computed tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. How does PET and SPECT imaging work? Small amounts of radioactive material (radiopharmaceuticals) injected into a patient. These can use sugars or chemical traits to bond to specific cells. The radioactive material is taken up by cells that consume the sugars. The radiation emitted from inside the body is detected by photon detectors outside the body. Computers take the data to assemble images of the radiation emissions. Nuclear images may appear fuzzy or ghostly rather than the sharper resolution from MRI and CT.  But, it provides metabolic information at a cellular level, showing if there are defects in the function of the heart, areas of very high metabolic activity associated with cancer cells, or areas of inflammation, data not available from other modalities. These noninvasive imaging exams are used to diagnose cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, bone disorders and other disorders. 

Misalignment in abdominal organ images cut with simultaneous MR/PET

Simultaneous MR/PET acquisition provides more accurate alignment of hybrid datasets than retrospective fusion of MR images and PET data, according to a study published online May 8 in Radiology.

'Click and Grow' algorithm takes radiologist out of tumor segmentation

A tumor segmentation software dubbed single-click ensemble segmentation (SCES) is advancing the definition and delineation of a wide range of cancerous lesions past manual labor and into the realm of high-tech automation. 

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Zr-89 bevacizumab could be a player in PET detection of breast cancer

Breast cancer tumors often express vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and a method of detection involving PET and the monoclonal antibody tracer Zr-89 bevacizumab is showing promise for the assessment of early to late stage primary malignancy, according to a study published May 7 in the Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

In a heartbeat: Cardiac FDG PET/MR effective, beneficial for ischemia

Simultaneous PET/MR broke additional ground toward clinical use by showing technical success and potential clinical merit for FDG PET/MR detection of ischemic heart disease, according to a study published May 7 in Radiology.

V/Q SPECT protocol provides best practice for pulmonary embolism

A multi-step study has determined that SPECT is a superior method of ventilator-perfusion (V/Q) imaging for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) and also has indicated an optimal imaging protocol for its application, according to the second phase of the study published May 1 in the Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

Redefining Parkinson’s research: Study takes stock of challenges, suggests new criteria

The current climate of Parkinson’s research is much like it was for Alzheimer’s disease before there was a clear way forward toward pathological detection. Complex clinical features, genetics and molecular drivers of the disease in all its various forms make it exceedingly difficult to standardize research and therefore screening and diagnosis, but a new framework for research is being presented, according to a perspective piece published online April 11 by The Lancet.

Phase III Alzheimer’s treatment study misses the mark

Baxter announced results of its Phase III clinical study of immunoglobulin (IG). In the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center trial, IG did not meet its co-primary endpoints of reducing cognitive decline and preserving functional abilities in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease after 18 months of treatment. Given the findings, Baxter said it will re-evaluate its approach for its Alzheimer’s program.

The power of exercise: SPECT MPI in active patients may be unnecessary

Many older patients undergoing an exercise stress test may not need molecular imaging to provide a clear picture of cardiovascular health. Evidence suggests that SPECT MPI may not provide any additional information for those who are nimble enough to reach a certain level of exertion and show no signs of CAD or cardiovascular distress. These and similar findings point to potential radioisotope injection guidelines to reduce radiation dose and cost of healthcare for these patients, according to research presented at the International Conference on Nuclear Cardiology and Cardiac CT, held May 5 to 8 in Berlin.