Structural Heart Disease

Structural heart diseases include any issues preventing normal cardiovascular function due to damage or alteration to the anatomical components of the heart. This is caused by aging, advanced atherosclerosis, calcification, tissue degeneration, congenital heart defects and heart failure. The most commonly treated areas are the heart valves, in particular the mitral and aortic valves. These can be replaced through open heart surgery or using cath lab-based transcatheter valves or repairs to eliminate regurgitation due to faulty valve leaflets. This includes transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Other common procedures include left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion and closing congenital holes in the heart, such as PFO and ASD. A growing area includes transcatheter mitral repair or replacement and transcatheter tricuspid valve repair and replacement.

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Valve-in-valve TAVR outcomes favorable to native valve procedures

Valve-in-valve TAVR (ViV-TAVR) of a failed surgical valve was associated with comparable—and perhaps even better—clinical outcomes when compared to TAVR performed in native valves, according to a registry study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

3rd-generation MitraClip device approved by FDA

The FDA has approved the third generation of the MitraClip, which treats mitral regurgitation without open-heart surgery, device manufacturer Abbott announced July 12.

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Mitochondrial transplants may revive damaged heart cells

Scientists are beginning to explore whether infusing heart tissue with mitochondria can restore function to oxygen-deprived cells after a heart attack. The technique has potential in both pediatric and adult patients, according to an article in The New York Times.

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Study: Embolic protection devices capture debris in 99% of TAVR patients

Nearly all transcatheter heart valves (THVs) leave debris following aortic valve replacement, reinforcing the potential for embolic protection devices to reduce the burden of silent brain infarctions and future strokes.

Transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve replacement: A new ‘gold standard’?

Transcatheter valve-in-valve replacement for degenerated mitral bioprostheses was associated with similar 30-day and one-year mortality rates as redo surgical mitral valve replacement (SMVR) in a retrospective study, despite the former being performed in older, sicker patients.

Biologists explain mechanisms behind CHD4-related heart defects

Mutations in the CHD4 gene are known contributors to congenital heart defects. Biologists at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine believe they are beginning to understand why.

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TMVR device nearly wipes out mitral regurgitation

An investigational transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) device helped reduce mitral regurgitation to zero or trace levels in 98.7 percent of patients, according to 30-day follow-up data from the first 100 people scheduled to be treated with Abbott’s Tendyne system.

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TAVR doesn’t raise procedural stroke risk for patients with previous strokes

Despite being performed in an older population with more cardiovascular comorbidities, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) demonstrated similarly low rates of postoperative stroke and mortality compared with surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in a study of patients with previous strokes.